• Issues

    • Reproductive Justice and Health Equity

    Abortion access, bodily autonomy, and improved maternal health care are nationwide policy imperatives. Policy solutions that address the racial disparities impeding health care access and negatively impacting health outcomes for people of color are crucial to supporting women’s health and reproductive justice.

    Data

    See data by gender below. Click "Visualize data" for a breakdown by gender and race/ethnicity, where applicable.

    Health Insurance Coverage

    Visualize data
    United States Women Men All
    Adults with Health Insurance (19–64) 90.5% 87.5% 89.0%
    Seniors with Health Insurance (65+) 99.2% 99.1% 99.2%
    Medicaid Coverage (19–64) 18.6% 14.2% 16.4%
    Medicaid Coverage Among Unemployed Adults (19–64) 40.7% 32.2% 36.2%
    Uninsured Adults (19–64) 9.5% 12.5% 11.0%
    Uninsured Adults of Reproductive Age (18–49) 10.4% 14.2% 12.3%
    Older Uninsured Adults (50–64) 7.3% 8.4% 7.8%
    Unemployed Adults who are Uninsured (19–64) 19.0% 27.1% 23.2%
    Adults Not in the Labor Force and Uninsured (19–64) 13.5% 14.2% 13.8%
    United States
    Women
    Men
    All

    Source: American Community Survey, 2023.

    Notes: Workers are classified as unemployed if they do not currently have a job, are looking for a job, and have not yet found one. Workers are classified as being out of the labor force if they are neither employed nor unemployed.

    Maternal and Newborn Health

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    United States Value
    Fertility Rate (18–49; expressed per woman) 1.61
    Adolescent Fertility Rate (15–19; expressed per 1000 population) 13.08
    Cesarean Delivery 32.31%
    Preterm Births 10.40%
    Low Birthweight Births 8.57%
    United States
    Value

    Source: Natality Records 2016-2023 on CDC WONDER Online Database.

    Notes: Data are reported for 2023. Preterm is less than 37 weeks completed gestation. Low birthweight is less than 2,500 grams (5 pounds, 8 ounces).

    Where no value is listed, the value does not meet the requirements for confidentiality constraints.

     

    Maternal and Infant Mortality

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    United States Value
    Number of Maternal Deaths 4,295
    Maternal Mortality Rate (expressed per 100,000 live births) 23.2
    Infant Mortality Rate (expressed per 1,000 live births) 5.61
    United States
    Value

    Sources: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), National Vital Statistics Center; Linked Birth/Infant Death Records 2017-2022 on CDC WONDER Online Database.

    Notes: Data on maternal deaths and maternal mortality rates are reported for 2018–2022. Data on Infant mortality rates are reported for 2022.

    Where no value is listed, the value does not meet the requirements for confidentiality constraints; U = these estimates do not meet the NCHS standard of reliability or precision.

    Title X Family Planning Program

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    United States Women Men
    Number of Title X Family Planning Users 2,338,208 416,727
    United States
    Women
    Men
    United States Value
    Number of Title X Facilities 3,817
    Title X Funding $286,500,000
    United States
    Value

    Source: Office of Population Affairs, Department of Health and Human Services, 2024.

    Notes: Data are reported for 2023.

    Abortion

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    United States Cost
    Self-Pay Cost of Medication Abortion $563
    Self-Pay Cost of First Trimester Procedural Abortion $650
    Self-Pay Cost of Second Trimester Procedural Abortion $1,000
    United States
    Cost

    Source: Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health, University of California San Francisco, 2024.

    Notes: Data are reported for 2023. Self-pay cost is defined as paying for medical expenses without the use of health insurance.

    No value listed indicates missing data; # indicates no facilities were providing these procedural abortion services; ~indicates no facilities were open and providing abortion services.

     

     

    Policy

    Updated September 11, 2025
    States can amend statute or the state constitution to codify the right to reproductive freedom and bodily autonomy.
    Interstate shield laws protect providers of reproductive health care and gender-affirming care who serve patients who traveled to other states for care from legal consequences due to hostile laws in the patient's home state.
    Data privacy laws can protect patient and provider confidentiality by restricting hostile digital surveillance and geofencing related to reproductive health data.
    Health insurance coverage for abortion care helps to offset costs for women and increase their access to care, and some states require abortion care coverage by private health insurers.
    Private insurance coverage of gender-affirming care promotes access to and affordability of critical health care.
    Medicaid coverage for abortion care ensures assistance for patients who need additional financial support to access critical reproductive health care.
    Medicaid coverage for gender-affirming care ensures access to critical care for eligible patients for whom the cost is prohibitive.
    State Medicaid coverage for maternal care postpartum promotes accessibility and affordability of care during a critical time frame when patients are at increased risk for maternal morbidity and mortality.
    Fetal personhood laws extend constitutionally protected rights to an embryo or fetus, granting the same legal rights as a person. These laws are crafted to supersede the constitutional right of the pregnant person and effectuate a ban on abortion.
    Some states allow for citizen-led reporting and impose civil or criminal penalties for traveling for abortion care or assisting someone who travels for care.
    State abortion bans restrict access to abortion care with gestational limits and many make exceptions only in extreme circumstances like rape, incest, or life-threatening conditions.
    Gender-affirming care bans prohibit a wide range of health care services such as gender transition surgeries, puberty blockers, hormone replacement therapy, and mental health services. These bans often target minor access to care.

    State policy or data requests?

    Stakeholders and partners can get support from IWPR’s experts on state-specific data and policy landscape insights. Submit a hotline request to get started.

    Hotline statepal@iwpr.org